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Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (DFMEA) is a proactive quality management tool specifically focused on identifying potential failure modes in products or processes. This tool evaluates how each component could potentially fail and the consequences of those failures, allowing teams to prioritize risks based on their severity, occurrence, and detection. By conducting a DFMEA, organizations can address potential issues early in the design phase, thereby reducing the likelihood of failures in the final product or process.

Process mapping primarily focuses on visualizing workflows to improve process efficiency rather than identifying potential failure modes. Statistical process control is used to monitor and control process variation through statistical methods but does not specifically target failure modes. Root cause analysis is a method aimed at identifying the underlying causes of existing problems rather than forecasting potential failures. Thus, DFMEA stands out as the tool dedicated to addressing the anticipation of failure modes, making it the correct answer.